Around 2.0 billion birds migrate annually between Africa, Europe and Asia (Cherrington, 2000). These birds use three major routes to make this passage. The Western path crosses the Mediterranean over Morocco into Spain and is used by some 300 million birds. The Central path over Tunisia into Sicily and is used by some 200 million birds. The Eastern path over Sinai Peninsula, used by what some ornithologists estimate to be1500 million birds.
One of the stops for the birds when passing over Sicily is the very special nature phenomena "The Unique Red Water Lake" close to the Ancient city of Enna on a mountain top in the middle of Sicily.
Lake Pergusa is the only true natural lake in central Sicily. Because of its geographical position, it is a humid oasis in a landscape that for long months is dominated by drought, and vital place for many species of birds.
Its in fact a perfect spot for birdwatchers in Sicily, but there are also mammals like the hedgehog and the weasel, reptiles like the fine marsh turtles and the strange congylus.
Lake Pergusa is known worldwide for a truly unique phenomenon: its blood red water which is created by the microscopical organisms which inhabit the lake, and in order to defend itself against the rays of the summer sun, takes on a red pigment and settles in very big colonies under aquatic plants. This pigment is then transferred to the water and to the bacteria that live in it, until the lake is transformed into "red water".
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